Studies and Research
The body of research on the effects of intramuscular injections is vast and detailed. However, the highly technical language in these studies can be difficult for the general public to understand.
In public health research, authors often soften their wording due to pressure from journals to downplay negative findings on side effects and adverse reactions. As a result, important insights are frequently obscured or carefully phrased in the papers themselves—though they remain visible in the data sets and discussion sections upon close review.
To address this, HFDF has created this searchable compendium of studies, each paired with clear, plain-language summaries and notes prepared by our team. Our goal is to cut through technical complexity, bias, and ambiguity so individuals can access the key facts and make informed health decisions.
This resource will continue to grow, with new studies and improvements added regularly.
Please note that HFDF does not necessarily endorse or support any policy arguments or specific assumptions made by the authors. HFDF commentary describes and summarizes the role this study plays in the scientific discourse and provides abbreviated notes.
Recently Posted Studies
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Influenza vaccine effectiveness in households with children during the 2012-2013 season:
This Italian study found that full vaccination against flu increased chances of acquiring the flu, and that prior year vaccination was damaging to the present year shot’s efficacy.
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Beyond Antigenic Match: Possible Agent-Host and Immuno-epidemiological Influences on Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness During the 2015–2016 Season in Canada
Influenza effectiveness findings may require consideration of other agent-host and immuno-epidemiologic influences on vaccine performance beyond antigenic match, including viral genomic variation, repeat vaccination, birth (immunological) cohort effects, and potential within-season waning of vaccine protection.
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The unintended consequences of COVID-19 vaccine policy: why mandates, passports and restrictions may cause more harm than good
Journal: BMJ Glob Health.Lead Author:
Bardosh et al.Original date of publication:
05/25/2022Keywords: adverse events, boosters, civil rights, coercion, covid vaccination, Epidemiology, Ethics, myocarditis. mRNA, riskArgues against using mandating of mRNA covid vaccination given questionable science and likelihood of backlash.
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COVID-19 vaccine boosters for young adults: a risk benefit assessment and ethical analysis of mandate policies at universities
Journal: J Med EthicsLead Author:
Bardosh et al.Original date of publication:
01/23/2024Keywords: adverse events, boosters, Civil Rights. Coercion, covid vaccination, Epidemiology, Ethics, myocarditis, riskThis study critiques the appropriateness of requiring mRNA boosters in young people to attend college.
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Impact of repeated vaccinations on vaccine effectiveness against Influenza A(H3N2) and B during 8 seasons
This study shows that vaccinating every year leads to lower efficacy with subsequent flu shots.
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A Perfect Storm: Impact of Genomic Variation and Serial Vaccination on Low Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness During the 2014-2015 Season
This study highlights the weakness of one specific year of flu shots– due to variants and the impact of previous vaccination.








